Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable types of cancer when detected early. As an OB/GYN at Women’s Care of Nashua, I’m passionate about helping people understand the causes, risk factors, and preventative measures that can reduce the likelihood of developing cervical cancer.
What is cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix grow uncontrollably, sometimes forming a mass or spreading to other tissues or organs. The cervix, located at the lower end of the uterus, is particularly susceptible to infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), a major cause of cervical cancer.
Who is most at risk for cervical cancer?
Certain factors can increase a person’s risk of cervical cancer:
- Age: Women in their 40s are most at risk for a new diagnosis.
- HPV infection: High-risk HPV strains are a leading cause of cervical cancer.
- Sexual history: Having multiple sexual partners or a partner with multiple partners increases risk.
- Early sexual activity: Intercourse before age 18 can predispose individuals to HPV infection.
- Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of cervical dysplasia and cancer.
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Infections like chlamydia can heighten risk.
- Genetics: A family history of cervical cancer or certain genetic conditions can increase susceptibility.
- DES exposure: Women whose mothers took diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy may be at risk.
How can you prevent cervical cancer?
Prevention starts with four proactive steps:
- HPV vaccination: Vaccination is highly effective (up to 97%) in preventing cervical cancer and recommended for boys and girls starting at age 9, up to age 45. It is ideally administered before sexual activity begins.
- Safe sexual practices: Use barrier methods, such as condoms, to reduce the risk of HPV and other STIs and limit your number of sexual partners.
- Quit smoking: Eliminate smoking to reduce the likelihood of cervical dysplasia and cancer.
- Regular screening: Start screening at age 21 with a Pap test or high-risk HPV test and follow continued screening guidelines recommended by your healthcare provider.
The importance of early detection
Early detection is essential to preventing cervical cancer from progressing. Approximately half of cervical cancer cases are found in individuals who have never had a Pap test. Regular screening helps detect precancerous changes, allowing for early intervention before cancer develops.
Screening involves:
- Pap tests: Examining cells from the cervix to identify abnormalities.
- HPV testing: Identifying high-risk HPV strains through DNA analysis.
Advocate for your health
To protect yourself and others from cervical cancer, take these proactive steps:
- Get vaccinated: Talk to your OB/GYN, pediatrician, or primary care doctor about the HPV vaccine.
- Stay informed: Learn about your risk factors and take control of your health.
- Schedule screenings: Begin regular screenings at age 21 and follow your doctor’s recommendations.
Over the past 30 years, cervical cancer deaths in the U.S. have decreased by 50%, thanks to widespread screening and vaccination programs. Yet, there’s more work to do to lower these numbers further.
Schedule an appointment
For expert care and cervical cancer prevention, visit Women’s Care of Nashua. To schedule an appointment, call 603-577-3100.
Let’s work together to protect your health and prevent cervical cancer.
Derek Jurus, D.O., a board-certified obstetrician and gynecologist at Women’s Care of Nashua. Dr. Jurus is accepting new patients.